名词性从句中wh-疑问词和融合关系词的功能

不同语法书对于名词性从句关联词的总结各不相同，自己汇总了下，望老师指点！

wh-疑问词：what，which，who，whom，whose, whatever, whomever, whoever, whichever, when, where, why, how

融合关系词：what, who, whoever, whatever, whichever, whomever, whosever, when, where, whenever, wherever, however

如此分对不对？有以下几个问题请老师指点！

1.whatever, whomever, whoever, whichever可否划为wh-疑问词的话? 可否理解为what, whom，who，which的语气加大。比如：

I dont know whoever said that.

I dont know whomever you voted for.

I dont know whatever it is.

I dont know whichever you like.



2.what, which, whose都可以引导主宾表同从句，在从句中作主宾表定？下面这类句子对不对？



Whatcausedthefailureisnotclearatthemoment.（作主语）

What she did after that is not clear to us. （作宾语）

What elements are is known to the students. （作表语）

What motive he could have had is not quite clear to us. （作定语）

第4个what motive这里的what应该叫连接形容词？



Which is the best of all those ways is uncertain.（做主语）

Which design is the best must be tried in practice.（作定语）

Which you like best is not clear to us.（宾语）

Which is yours is not clear to us. （表语）

Whose fault it is is quite clear now.

I wondered whose the coat was.

Whose is best is unknown.

Whose the coat belongs to is unknown.

前两个whose与后两个whose的词性感觉不同，还是后两个whose后省略了名词？
以上例句均是主语从句，在表宾同中同样可以作这类成分？



3. who可否从融合关系词中择出来？

曹老师前面帖子中提到who在现代英语中已不做融合关系词，只应用于一些固定谚语中。比如：Who laughs last laughs best。但不少语法书依旧归为融合关系词。



4.whenever，wherever可以引导名词性从句，极少见到。有的语法书上把whosever，however也划归为融合关系词，但没任何例句。麻烦老师举例讲解下！



5.融合关系词是只包含融合关系代词，融合关系副词两种，还是加上融合关系形容词三种？

Whatever result we get must be checked. 感觉whatever在这里应该是形容词。

1 你对wh-疑问词和wh-融合型关系词的分类是正确的。

2 作为疑问词，wh-ever=wh-词，但多了表示surprise或anger这一层感情色彩。比如：

I dont know whatever we can learn from this 14-year-old girl. 到底能学到什么。

3 what, which, whose既能够是疑问代词，也可以是疑问限定词。前者直接作主、宾、表语，后者修饰名词，名词作主、宾、表语。既然你已经有了限定词的定义，就不要再称名词前的疑问词为形容词，而应改依据现代语法改称为疑问限定词。不然在你的讲解体系中就不要用限定词这一术语。作为限定词，which，whose为特指意义，what一般表示泛指意义。

你的这类例句都是正确的。

4 who作为融合型关系代词在现代英语中极少用，但阅读中常常会遇见早期英语作品中who作融合型关系代词的句子。所以语法书将who包含子融合型关系代词中解说，便于读者阅读。但自己写作中要用whoever，而不是who作为融合型关系代词。

5 融合型关系词包含融合型关系代词，融合型关系副词，和融合型关系限定词。whatever，whichever，whosever都可用作融合型关系限定词。比如：Take whichever book you like.

6 however, wherever, however作为融合型关系副词引导名词性从句的例句：

I will accept however you do it.

= I will accept any way in which you do it.

It can be wherever the weather is warm and wet.

= It can be any place where the weather is warm and wet.

I will wear whosever gloves are my size.

= I will wear anyones gloves that are my size.

这三个词引导名词性关系分句极少见到，一般知道即可，不必细究。