英语单词解析 卖火柴的小女孩
当你看完安徒生的童话故事<卖火柴的小女孩>(The Little Match Girl)时,你是否会因为小女孩的遭遇而一掬同情之泪?你也会因为战争伤害许多善良与无辜的人而对战争的「残酷与荒谬」(cruelty and absurdity )感到憎恶痛绝吗?
人是富于情感的动物,因此日常生活中用于表达心灵感受的字汇自然不少。英语用于描述感情的字汇中多半含有 "path" 与 "passi" 两个字根。前者为希腊字根,含意较广,出现的频率也较高,其原意为「感情」(feeling),但人生不如意的事太多,使得人类心灵承受无数的痛苦,因此它也含有「痛苦」(suffering)之意;而痛苦如果无法排解,伴随而来的就是疾病,因此 "path" 也含有「疾病」(disease)之意。至于 " passi"这个拉丁字根原指古代圣者殉道或殉教的受难,例如耶稣在十字架上的受难就称为 "the Passion",因此 " passi"这个字根就是「痛苦、受难」(suffering)之意。由于殉道或殉教都属于人类激烈感情的表达,所以时至今日,激情、激怒、热情也称为"passion"。
了解 "path"与 "passi" 的含意后,我们就很容易掌握下列用于呈现爱、恨、憎、恶等人类感情的字汇,例如:sympathy﹝ ﹞n.(together + feeling,同情);empathy﹝ ﹞n. ﹝in + feeling ,同感(因为自己也曾有类似经验)﹞;apathy﹝ ﹞n.(without + feeling,冷漠);antipathy﹝ ﹞n.(against + feeling反感;厌恶);telepathy﹝ ﹞n. (far + feeling,精神感应;传心术);pathetic﹝ ﹞adj.(feeling,惹人怜的,可怜的); passion
﹝ ﹞n.(suffer,苦难,激情,热情);compassion﹝ ﹞ n.(together + suffer,怜悯;同情);compassionate﹝ ﹞adj.(有同情心的);pathology﹝ ﹞n.(disease + study,病理学)。
最后,我们来看上述的这些表「情」语汇,如何在下列例句中展现它们的功能与表达情感的各种样态:
1. My great sympathy is with the victim's family.
我对受害者家属深表同情。
2. I feel empathy for my unemployed friend.
我对我朋友的失业感同身受。
3. Can't you see public apathy about politics?
你看不出大众对政治的冷漠吗?
4. We share an antipathy to cheating on exams.
我们对考试作弊同感厌恶。
5. He can communicate with her by telepathy.
他能用心电感应与她沟通。
6. The puppy is so tiny and pathetic.
那小狗小得惹人爱怜。
7. I have a great passion for classical music.
我热爱古典音乐。
8. The war aroused my compassion for the poor and hungry.
战争引起了我对贫穷饥饿者的怜悯。
9. She is tender and compassionate.
她温柔又富有同情心。
10. He is doing a research in pathology.
他正在做一项病理研究。
- It matters to this on
- Along the coast of the vast Atlantic Ocean there lived an old man. Each day when the tide went out he would make his way alon
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- Iam who I am 我就是我
- I’m unique in this world. Maybe I’m similarto others in some way, but I’m irreplaceable. Every word and beh
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- Happy Teacher's Day 教师节愉快
- For all the great things you say and do…
The best teacher's award goes to you.
因为您的身教言教,颁给您最佳教
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- Then life will be better 生活会更美好
- Mytea is gone cold I’m wondering why i got out of bad at all. The morning rainclouds up my window and i can’t see
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- important ofyour mature 心理成熟
- A farmer took on firewood by tramping overmountains and through ravines every day, In order to get a day's rations andlet
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- When you getting older 当你老了
- All of the heart-break broke up won’t beharder than the final good-bye in the life. When that day comes to you, thebrok
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- So, smile away!继续微笑吧!
- The thing that goes the farthest towardmaking life worthwhile, that costs the least and does the most, is just apleasant smil
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- stare with you that way 生活亦是如此
- Much meaning can be conveyed, clearly, with our eyes, so it is often said that eyes can speak.
我们的眼睛能准确地传达一些信息
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